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Thermal amplification and melting of phases in spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Thermal amplification and melting of phases in spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

We implement Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with Popov approximation for a homogeneous Raman-induced spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate and investigate the effects of finite temperature ($T$) on the ground-state phase diagram. We calculate the roton gap as a function of Raman coupling ($\Omega$) or quadratic Zeeman field strength ($\epsilon$) to extract the critical …