Kinetic solitary electrostatic structures in collisionless plasma: Phase-space holes
Kinetic solitary electrostatic structures in collisionless plasma: Phase-space holes
The physics of isolated plasma potential structures sustained by a deficit of phase-space density on trapped orbits, commonly known as electron or ion holes, is reviewed. The principles of their equilibria are explained and illustrated, and contrasted with solitons. A review of literature mostly from prior to 2016 highlights the …