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The role of the estimand framework in the analysis of patient-reported outcomes in single-arm trials: a case study in oncology

The role of the estimand framework in the analysis of patient-reported outcomes in single-arm trials: a case study in oncology

Abstract Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) play an increasing role in the evaluation of oncology treatments. At the same time, single-arm trials are commonly included in regulatory approval submissions. Because of the high risk of biases, results from single-arm trials require careful interpretation. This benefits from a clearly defined estimand , …