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Latest progress on the reduced-order particle-in-cell scheme: I. refining the underlying formulation

Latest progress on the reduced-order particle-in-cell scheme: I. refining the underlying formulation

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is a well-established and widely used kinetic plasma modelling approach that provides a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian approach to solve the plasma kinetic equation. Despite its power in capturing details of the underlying physics of plasmas, conventional PIC implementations are associated with a significant computational cost, rendering their …