Collective excitations and universal coarsening dynamics of a
spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
Collective excitations and universal coarsening dynamics of a
spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
We study the collective excitation spectrum of a Raman-induced spin-orbit-coupled spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic trap while varying either the Raman coupling or quadratic Zeeman term by using the Bogoliubov approach. A few low-lying modes, which can be used to delineate the phase boundaries, are identified by …