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Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Randomness Certification from Incompatibility

Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Randomness Certification from Incompatibility

Quantum randomness can be certified from probabilistic behaviors demonstrating Bell nonlocality or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering, leveraging outcomes from uncharacterized devices. However, such nonlocal correlations are not always sufficient for this task, necessitating the identification of required minimum quantum resources. In this work, we provide the necessary and sufficient condition for nonzero …