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Successive ferroelectric orders and magnetoelectric coupling without long-range magnetic order in highly frustrated pyrochlore compounds: Sm$_2$Ti$_{2-x}$V$_x$O$_7$
Sm$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$, a member of rare-earth titanate pyrochlores, exhibits dipolar-octupolar antiferromagnetism below $T_N$ = 0.35 K. We observed two ferroelectric transitions at 182 ($T_{FE1}$) and 52 K ($T_{FE2}$), significantly higher than $T_N$ for Sm$_2$Ti$_{2-x}$V$_x$O$_7$ ($x$ = 0, 0.1). Although the ferroelectric transition temperatures remain unchanged, the polarization value decreases considerably with …