Fourier–Gegenbauer Pseudospectral Method for Solving Periodic Higher-Order Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Fourier–Gegenbauer Pseudospectral Method for Solving Periodic Higher-Order Fractional Optimal Control Problems
Optimal control (OC) problems involve determining the best control strategy for a system to achieve the desired outcome. Fractional-order OC models have emerged in recent decades to represent complex systems that exhibit memory effects and nonlocal interactions. These models offer advantages over the traditional integer-order models. However, a key challenge …