Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem in Open Quantum Systems
Lieb-Schultz-Mattis Theorem in Open Quantum Systems
The Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorem provides a general constraint on quantum many-body systems and plays a significant role in the Haldane gap phenomena and topological phases of matter. Here, we extend the LSM theorem to open quantum systems and establish a general theorem that restricts the steady state and spectral gap …