VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab Formed Like a “Failed Star”
VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab Formed Like a “Failed Star”
Abstract Young, low-mass brown dwarfs orbiting early-type stars, with low mass ratios ( q ≲ 0.01), appear to be intrinsically rare and present a formation dilemma: could a handful of these objects be the highest-mass outcomes of “planetary” formation channels (bottom up within a protoplanetary disk), or are they more …