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Fractional topological charge in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> gauge theories without dynamical quarks
In $SU(N)$ gauge theories without dynamical quarks, we discuss how configurations with fractional ${\mathbb{Z}}_{N}$ magnetic charge also have fractional topological charge, $\ensuremath{\sim}1/N$, and dominate topologically nontrivial fluctuations in the confining vacuum. They are not solutions of the classical equations of motion, but arise as quantum solutions of the effective Lagrangian, …