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An investigation of non-canonical mixing in red giant stars using APOGEE 12C/13C ratios observed in open cluster stars
ABSTRACT Standard stellar evolution theory poorly predicts the surface abundances of chemical species in low-mass, red giant branch (RGB) stars. Observations show an enhancement of p–p chain and CNO cycle products in red giant envelopes, which suggests the existence of non-canonical mixing that brings interior burning products to the surface …