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Observation of the double Dalitz decay <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>

Observation of the double Dalitz decay <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>

Based on $(10087 \pm 44)\times10^6$ $J/\psi$ events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the double Dalitz decay $\eta'\to e^+e^-e^+e^-$ is observed for the first time via the $J/\psi\to\gamma\eta'$ decay process. The significance is found to be 5.7$\sigma$ with systematic uncertainties taken into consideration. Its branching fraction is determined to …