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Systematic investigation of emergent particles in type-III magnetic space groups

Systematic investigation of emergent particles in type-III magnetic space groups

In three-dimensional (3D) crystals, emergent particles arise when two or multiple bands contact and form degeneracy (band crossing) in the Brillouin zone. Recently a complete classification of emergent particles in 3D nonmagnetic crystals, described by the type-II magnetic space groups (MSGs), has been established. However, symmetries become complex in magnetically …