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Orthonormal Ultraspherical Operational Matrix Algorithm for Fractal–Fractional Riccati Equation with Generalized Caputo Derivative
Herein, we developed and analyzed a new fractal–fractional (FF) operational matrix for orthonormal normalized ultraspherical polynomials. We used this matrix to handle the FF Riccati differential equation with the new generalized Caputo FF derivative. Based on the developed operational matrix and the spectral Tau method, the nonlinear differential problem was …