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Model independent approach to the study of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> cosmologies with expansion histories close to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi><mml:mi>CDM</mml:mi></mml:math>

Model independent approach to the study of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> cosmologies with expansion histories close to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi><mml:mi>CDM</mml:mi></mml:math>

We propose a new framework for studying the cosmology of $f(R)$ gravity which completely avoids using the reconstruction program. This allows us to easily obtain a qualitative feel of how much the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ model differs from other $f(R)$ theories of gravity at the level of linear perturbation theory for theories …