Using the half normal distribution to quantify covariate balance in cluster-randomized pragmatic trials
Using the half normal distribution to quantify covariate balance in cluster-randomized pragmatic trials
Pragmatic trials often consist of cluster-randomized controlled trials (C-RCTs), where staff of existing clinics or sites deliver interventions and randomization occurs at the site level. Covariate-constrained randomization (CCR) methods are often recommended to minimize imbalance on important site characteristics across intervention and control arms because sizable imbalances can occur by …