Probabilistically violating the first law of thermodynamics in a quantum heat engine
Probabilistically violating the first law of thermodynamics in a quantum heat engine
Fluctuations of thermodynamic observables, such as heat and work, contain relevant information on the underlying physical process. These fluctuations are however not taken into account in the traditional laws of thermodynamics. While the second law is extended to fluctuating systems by the celebrated fluctuation theorems, the first law is generally …