On the emergence of toroidal flux tubes: general dynamics and comparisons with the cylinder model
On the emergence of toroidal flux tubes: general dynamics and comparisons with the cylinder model
<i>Aims. <i/>In this paper we study the dynamics of toroidal flux tubes emerging from the solar interior, through the photosphere and into the corona. Many previous theoretical studies of flux emergence use a twisted cylindrical tube in the solar interior as the initial condition. Important insights can be gained from …