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Phase diffusion and the small-noise approximation in linear amplifiers: Limitations and beyond

Phase diffusion and the small-noise approximation in linear amplifiers: Limitations and beyond

The phase of an optical field inside a linear amplifier is widely known to diffuse with a diffusion coefficient that is inversely proportional to the photon number. The same process occurs in lasers which limits its intrinsic linewidth and makes the phase uncertainty difficult to calculate. The most commonly used …