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Separating expansion from contraction: generalized TOV condition, LTB models with pressure and ΛCDM

Separating expansion from contraction: generalized TOV condition, LTB models with pressure and ΛCDM

We discuss the existence of a dividing shell separating expanding and collapsing regions in spherically symmetric solutions with pressure. We obtain gauge invariant conditions relating not only the intrinsic spatial curvature of the shells to the ADM mass, but also a function of the pressure which we introduce that generalises …