Vacuum space charge effect in laser-based solid-state photoemission spectroscopy
Vacuum space charge effect in laser-based solid-state photoemission spectroscopy
We report a systematic measurement of the space charge effect observed in the few-picosecond laser pulse regime in laser-based solid-state photoemission spectroscopy experiments. The broadening and the shift of a gold Fermi edge as a function of spot size, laser power, and emission angle are characterized for pulse lengths of …