Accounting for small-study effects using a bivariate trim and fill meta-analysis procedure
Accounting for small-study effects using a bivariate trim and fill meta-analysis procedure
Abstract In meta-analyses, small-study effects (SSE) refer to the phenomenon that smaller studies show different, often larger, treatment effects than larger studies, which may lead to incorrect, commonly optimistic estimates of treatment effects. Visualization tools such as funnel plots have been widely used to investigate the SSE in univariate meta-analyses. …