Helicity and winding fluxes as indicators of twisted flux emergence
Helicity and winding fluxes as indicators of twisted flux emergence
Evidence for the emergence of twisted flux tubes into the solar atmosphere has, so far, come from indirect signatures. In this work, we investigate the topological input of twisted flux tube emergence directly by studying helicity and winding fluxes. In magnetohydrodynamic simulations with domains spanning from the top of the …