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Hadron yields and fluctuations at energies available at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron: System-size dependence from Pb + Pb to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math> collisions
The kaon-to-pion ratio ${K}^{+}/{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and the scaled variance ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ for fluctuations of negatively charged particles are studied within the statistical hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (urqmd) transport model. The calculations are done for $p+p,\text{Be}+\text{Be},\text{Ar}+\text{Sc}$, and $\text{Pb}+\text{Pb}$ collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron energy …