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Gramian solutions and soliton interactions for a generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in a plasma or fluid

Gramian solutions and soliton interactions for a generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in a plasma or fluid

Plasmas and fluids are of current interest, supporting a variety of wave phenomena. Plasmas are believed to be possibly the most abundant form of visible matter in the Universe. Investigation in this paper is given to a generalized (3 + 1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation for the nonlinear phenomena in a …