A modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck model with excluded volume effect: theory and numerical implementation
A modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck model with excluded volume effect: theory and numerical implementation
The Poisson--Nernst--Planck (PNP) equations have been widely applied to describe ionic transport in ion channels, nanofluidic devices, and many electrochemical systems. Despite their wide applications, the PNP equations fail in predicting dynamics and equilibrium states of ionic concentrations in confined environments, due to the ignorance of the excluded volume effect. …