Morse–Novikov theory, Heegaard splittings, and closed orbits of gradient flows
Morse–Novikov theory, Heegaard splittings, and closed orbits of gradient flows
The work of Donaldson and Mark made the structure of the SeibergâWitten invariant of 3-manifolds clear. It corresponds to certain torsion type invariants counting flow lines and closed orbits of a gradient flow of a circle-valued Morse map on a 3-manifold. In the paper, these invariants are studied by using …