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Characterization of universal two-qubit Hamiltonians

Characterization of universal two-qubit Hamiltonians

Suppose we can apply a given 2-qubit Hamiltonian H to any (ordered) pair of qubits.We say H is n-universal if it can be used to approximate any unitary operation on n qubits.While it is well known that almost any 2-qubit Hamiltonian is 2-universal (Deutsch, Barenco, Ekert 1995;Lloyd 1995), an explicit …