Vorticity, Kinetic Energy, and Suppressed Gravitational-Wave Production in Strong First-Order Phase Transitions
Vorticity, Kinetic Energy, and Suppressed Gravitational-Wave Production in Strong First-Order Phase Transitions
We have performed the first three-dimensional simulations of strong first-order thermal phase transitions in the early universe. For deflagrations, we find that the rotational component of the fluid velocity increases as the transition strength is increased. For detonations, however, the rotational velocity component remains constant and small. We also find …