Universal broadening of zero modes: A general framework and identification
Universal broadening of zero modes: A general framework and identification
We consider the smallest eigenvalues of perturbed Hermitian operators with zero modes, either topological or system specific. To leading order for small generic perturbation we show that the corresponding eigenvalues broaden to a Gaussian random matrix ensemble of size $\ensuremath{\nu}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\ensuremath{\nu}$, where $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is the number of zero modes. This observation …