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Gauge-invariant microscopic kinetic theory of superconductivity: Application to the optical response of Nambu-Goldstone and Higgs modes
We show that the gauge-invariant kinetic equation of superconductivity provides an efficient approach to study the electromagnetic response of the gapless Nambu-Goldstone and gapful Higgs modes on an equal footing. We prove that the Fock energy in the kinetic equation is equivalent to the generalized Ward's identity. Hence, the gauge …