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Discontinuous Phase Transitions in Nonlocal Schloegl Models for Autocatalysis: Loss and Reemergence of a Nonequilibrium Gibbs Phase Rule
We consider Schloegl models (or contact processes) where particles on a square grid annihilate at a rate $p$ and are created at a rate of ${k}_{n}=n(n\ensuremath{-}1)/[N(N\ensuremath{-}1)]$ at empty sites with $n$ particles in a neighborhood ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{N}$ of size $N$. Simulation reveals a discontinuous transition between populated and vacuum states, but …