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Hidden charge-conjugation, parity, and time-reversal symmetries and massive Goldstone (Higgs) modes in superconductors
A massive Goldstone (MG) mode, often referred to as a Higgs amplitude mode, is a collective excitation that arises in a system involving spontaneous breaking of a continuous symmetry, along with a gapless Nambu-Goldstone mode. It has been known in the previous studies that a pure amplitude MG mode emerges …