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Discrete Wigner formalism for qubits and noncontextuality of Clifford gates on qubit stabilizer states

Discrete Wigner formalism for qubits and noncontextuality of Clifford gates on qubit stabilizer states

We show that qubit stabilizer states can be represented by non-negative quasi-probability distributions associated with a Wigner-Weyl-Moyal formalism where Clifford gates are positive state-independent maps. This is accomplished by generalizing the Wigner-Weyl-Moyal formalism to three generators instead of two---producing an exterior, or Grassmann, algebra---which results in Clifford group gates for …