Causal Scale of Rotors in a Cardiac System
Causal Scale of Rotors in a Cardiac System
The heart exhibits complex systems behaviors during atrial fibrillation (AF), where the macroscopic collective behavior of the heart causes the microscopic behavior. However, the relationship between the downward causation and scale is nonlinear. We describe rotors in multiple spatiotemporal scales by generating a renormalization group from a numerical model of …