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Multipolar Polarizabilities and Hyperpolarizabilities in the Sr Optical Lattice Clock
We address the problem of the lattice Stark shifts in the Sr clock caused by the multipolar $M1$ and $E2$ atom-field interactions and by the term nonlinear in lattice intensity and determined by the hyperpolarizability. We develop an approach to calculate hyperpolarizabilities for atoms and ions based on a solution …