Vortices Enhance Diffusion in Dense Granular Flows
Vortices Enhance Diffusion in Dense Granular Flows
This Letter introduces unexpected diffusion properties in dense granular flows and shows that they result from the development of partially jammed clusters of grains, or granular vortices. Transverse diffusion coefficients D and average vortex sizes ℓ are systematically measured in simulated plane shear flows at differing inertial numbers I revealing …