Fully kinetic simulation study of ion-acoustic solitons in the presence of trapped electrons
Fully kinetic simulation study of ion-acoustic solitons in the presence of trapped electrons
The nonlinear fluid theory developed by Schamel suggests a modified KdV equation to describe the temporal evolution of ion acoustic (IA) solitons in the presence of trapped electrons. The validity of this theory is studied here by verifying solitons' main characteristic, i.e., stability against successive mutual collisions. We have employed …