Quantum criticality and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional Bose gases
Quantum criticality and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional Bose gases
We experimentally investigate the quantum criticality and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) behavior within one-dimensional (1D) ultracold atomic gases. Based on the measured density profiles at different temperatures, the universal scaling laws of thermodynamic quantities are observed. The quantum critical regime and the relevant crossover temperatures are determined through the double-peak structure …