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Evolution of localized states in Lieb lattices under time-dependent magnetic fields

Evolution of localized states in Lieb lattices under time-dependent magnetic fields

We study the slow time evolution of localized states of the open-boundary Lieb lattice when a magnetic flux is applied perpendicularly to the lattice and increased linearly in time. In this system, Dirac cones periodically disappear, reappear, and touch the flat band as the flux increases. We show that the …