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Crystal-field parameters of the rare-earth pyrochlores<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>Ti</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Tb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>, Dy, and Ho)
In this work, we present inelastic neutron scattering experiments which probe the single ion ground states of the rare-earth pyrochlores ${R}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ ($R=\text{Tb}$, Dy, Ho). ${\text{Dy}}_{2}{\text{Ti}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$ and ${\text{Ho}}_{2}{\text{Ti}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$ are dipolar spin ices, now often described as hosts of emergent magnetic monopole excitations; the low-temperature state of ${\text{Tb}}_{2}{\text{Ti}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7}$ has features of both …