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Subdimensional particle structure of higher rank <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> spin liquids
Spin liquids are conventionally described by gauge theories with a vector gauge field. However, there exists a wider class of spin liquids with higher rank tensors as the gauge variable. In this work, we focus on (3+1)-dimensional spin liquids described by U(1) symmetric tensor gauge theories, which have recently been …