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Evaluating and comparing biomarkers with respect to the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve in two-phase case–control studies
Abstract Two-phase sampling design, where biomarkers are subsampled from a phase-one cohort sample representative of the target population, has become the gold standard in biomarker evaluation. Many two-phase case–control studies involve biased sampling of cases and/or controls in the second phase. For example, controls are often frequency-matched to cases with …