Experimental Evidence of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>φ</mml:mi></mml:math>Josephson Junction
Experimental Evidence of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>φ</mml:mi></mml:math>Josephson Junction
We demonstrate experimentally the existence of Josephson junctions having a doubly degenerate ground state with an average Josephson phase $\ensuremath{\psi}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\varphi}$. The value of $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ can be chosen by design in the interval $0<\ensuremath{\varphi}<\ensuremath{\pi}$. The junctions used in our experiments are fabricated as 0-$\ensuremath{\pi}$ Josephson junctions of moderate normalized length with …