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Fabrication-process-induced variations of Nb/Al/AlO<sub>x</sub>/Nb Josephson junctions in superconductor integrated circuits

Fabrication-process-induced variations of Nb/Al/AlO<sub>x</sub>/Nb Josephson junctions in superconductor integrated circuits

Currently, superconductor digital integrated circuits fabricated at HYPRES, Inc. can operate at clock frequencies approaching 40 GHz. The circuits present multilayered structures containing tens of thousands of Nb/Al/AlOx/Nb Josephson junctions (JJs) of various sizes interconnected by four Nb wiring layers, resistors, and other circuit elements. In order to be fully …