Amplitude/Higgs Modes in Condensed Matter Physics
Amplitude/Higgs Modes in Condensed Matter Physics
The order parameter and its variations in space and time in many different states in condensed matter physics at low temperatures are described by the complex function $\Psi({\bf r}, t)$. These states include superfluids, superconductors, and a subclass of antiferromagnets and charge-density waves. The collective fluctuations in the ordered state …