Energy levels of few-electron quantum dots imaged and characterized by atomic force microscopy
Energy levels of few-electron quantum dots imaged and characterized by atomic force microscopy
Strong confinement of charges in few-electron systems such as in atoms, molecules, and quantum dots leads to a spectrum of discrete energy levels often shared by several degenerate states. Because the electronic structure is key to understanding their chemical properties, methods that probe these energy levels in situ are important. …