Localized and Cellular Patterns in a Vibrated Granular Layer
Localized and Cellular Patterns in a Vibrated Granular Layer
We propose a phenomenological model for pattern formation in a vertically vibrated layer of granular material. This model exhibits a variety of stable cellular patterns, including standing rolls and squares as well as localized objects (oscillons and worms), similar to recent experimental observations [Umbanhowar, Melo, and Swinney, Nature (London) 382, …