Theoretical determination of the necessary conditions for the formation of ZnO nanorings and nanohelices
Theoretical determination of the necessary conditions for the formation of ZnO nanorings and nanohelices
The formation of ZnO nanorings and nanohelices with large polar surfaces observed in experiments [Nano Lett. 3, 1625 (2003); J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 6703 (2004)] is shown to be a result of the competition between elastic energy, spontaneous polarization-induced surface energy, volume energy, and defect-induced energy. It is found …